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أعداد
وتقديم : الأستاذ هاني درويش -
Prepared By Mr Hani
Darwishe |
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لبنان :
لفظ مستمد من اللغات السامية
القديمة، وهو مشتق من جذر ثلاثي مشترك بين
جميع اللغات السامية هو "لبن" ومعناه "أبيض"
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Lebanon:
The name Lebanon (لُبْنَان
Lubnān in standard
Arabic; Lebnan or
Lebnèn in local dialect)
is derived from the Semitic
root "LBN", which is linked
to several closely-related
meanings in various
languages, such as "white"
and "milk". This is regarded
as a reference to the
snow-capped Mount Lebanon.
Occurrences of the name have
been found in three of the
twelve tablets of the Epic
of Gilgamesh (2900 BC), the
texts of the library of Ebla
(2400 BC), and the Bible (71
times in the Bible's Old
Testament).
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تونس:
يعود أصل السم الى اللغة الفينيقية
"تانيس" وقد سميت البلد باسم عاصمتها من قبل
العرب بلاد تونس
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Tunisia:
After its capital Tunis[37], whose name
possibly derives from the Phoenician goddess
Tanith, the ancient city of Tynes or the
Berber root word ens which means "to lie
down". |
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الجزائر :
يعود أصل الأسم الى جزائر هذه الأرض على البحر
المتوسط وذلك نسبة الى الأربع جزر الكبيرة
لبني مازغان والتي اصبحت فيما بعد في 1525
ميلادي جزء من اليابسة الجزائرية . |
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Algeria:
The name Algeria is derived from the
name of the city of Algiers (French Alger),
from the Arabic word "الجزائر" (al-ǧazāʼir),
which translates as the islands, referring
to the four islands which lay off that
city's coast until becoming part of the
mainland in 1525; "جزائر بني مازغان"
al-ǧazāʼir is itself short for the older
name ǧazāʼir banī mazġannā, "the islands of
(the tribe) Bani Mazghanna", used by early
medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi and
Yaqut al-Hamawi. |
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المغرب :
في اللغة العربية وهو بلاد الغرب العربي نسبة
الى موقعها الغربي وقد سميت موروكو في اللغة
الأسبانية نسبة الى مدينة مراكش ويقال أيضآ ان
الأسم مستمد من اللغة البربرية
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Morrocco:
From Marruecos, the Spanish pronunciation of
the name of the city of "Marrakesh" (more
precisely Marrakush), believed to derive
from the
Berber words (ta)murt Al Maghrib (Arabic
name): "the farthest west". |
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اليمن:
تعني (اليُمن) والخير والبركة, لأنّها أيمن
الأرض(كما في معجم البلدان: 5/ 447
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Yemen:
From the Arabic root ymn (يمن), expressing
the basic meaning of "right"; however, its
exact meaning remains in dispute. Some
sources claim it comes from the form yamîn
(يأمن), meaning "right-hand side" and by
extension "south" (many Semitic languages,
including Arabic and Hebrew, show traces of
a system with south on the right and north
on the left). Other sources claim that it
originates from the form yumn (يأمن),
meaning "happiness" or "blessings" (arising
from the widespread idea that right = good.)
The name (to the classical world Arabia
Felix — "fortunate Arabia") originally
referred to the entire southern coast of the
Arabian Peninsula. |
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سلطنة عمان
قيل بأنه اسم
رجل وقيل انه من عمن يعمن أي أقام فهو عامٍٍٍٍ
أي مقي |
Oman
The name Oman (also Uman) is
ancient. In his translation
of a History of the Imams
and Seyyids of Oman, George
Badger says that the name
was already in use by early
Greek and Arab geographers.
The book Oman in History
(Arabic: Tarikh fi Uman)
notes that the Roman
historian Yalainous (23–79
AD) mentions a city on the
Arab peninsula he calls
"Omana." The city (probably
ancient Sohar, on the Omani
coast) gave its name to the
region.
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قطر
: نسبة إلي
قطر المطر لأنها كانت مشهورة بأمطارها الكثيرة
0 وقيل نسبة إلي الشاعر القطري بن الفجاءة . |
Qatar
:
Derives from "Qatara",
believed to refer to the
Qatari town of Zubara, an
important trading port and
town in the region in
ancient times. The word "Qatara"
first appeared on Ptolemy's
map of the Arab world. In
the early 20th century,
English speakers often
pronounced Qatar as
"Cutter", close to the local
pronunciation in Qatar.
However, the traditional
English pronunciation ("Kuh-tahr")
has prevailed.
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البحرين
نسبة إلى البحر المالح والعيون العذبة حيث أن
البحرين كان يطلق على بلاد تشمل الأحساء
وما جاورها في شرق المملكة وكانت هناك عيون
مياه عذبة تصب في البحر وكان المالح
والعذب يلتقيان في آن واح |
Bahrain :
Arabic for "two seas". The
exact referents of the "two
seas" remain a matter of
debate. Bahrain lies in a
bay formed by the Arabian
mainland and the peninsula
of Qatar, and some identify
the "two seas" as the waters
of the bay on either side of
the island. Others believe
that the name refers to
Bahrain's position as an
island in the Persian Gulf,
separated by "two seas" from
Arabia to the south and Iran
to the north. Yet another
claim suggests that the
first sea surrounds Bahrain
and the second "sea"
metaphorically represents
the abundant natural spring
waters under the island
itself.
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فلسطين :
كلمة فلسطين تعود لقوم اسمهم الفلسطر سكنوا
أرض فلسطين منذ قديم الزمان
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Palestine:
The Philistines' name is
derived from the
proto-semitic root PLS
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الكويت :
تصغير كوت وهو قلعه محاطة بسور وخندق تصغيرها
كويت والكوت قلعة
بناها ابن عريعر قي الأراضي الكويتية والتي
كانت تسمي بالرين فالكويت نسبة إليه |
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Kuwait:
From the Arabic diminutive form of
Kut or Kout meaning "fortress built near
water".
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السعودية
:
نسبة إلى العائلة المالكة آل سعود
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Saudi Arabia:
"Saudi" after the House of Saud, the royal
family who founded the kingdom and who still
rule it. The dynasty takes its name from its
ancestor, Sa`ûd, whose name in Arabic means
"a group of stars/planets". The etymology of
the term "Arab" or "Arabian" links closely
with that of the place-name "Arabia". The
root of the word has many meanings in
Semitic languages, including "west /
sunset", "desert", "mingle", "merchant",
"raven" and "comprehensible", all of which
appear to have some relevance to the
emergence of the name. Remarkably, in
Ancient Egyptian the area was already known
as Ar Rabi. |
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سورية :
من اللغة السنسكريتية وتكتب بالألف الطويلة (
سوريا ) ومعنى الاسم الشمس
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Syria:
From the ancient
Greek
name of the country, Συρία
("Syria"). Probably related
to the name of the ancient
state of
Assyria, although the
original heartland of
ancient Assyria actually lay
in modern
Iraq.
Before the Greeks, the area
of the modern state of Syria
had the name
Aram,
after which the
Aramaic language, a
former
lingua franca of the
Middle
East still spoken in
a few villages there today,
takes its name.
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مصر :
قد عرفت منذ فترة مبكرة بتسميات قريبة من كلمة
مصر الحالية، أما عن الأصل المصري لتلك الكلمة
" مجر" أو " مشِر "، والتي تعني المكنون أو
المُحصّن |
Egypt
From
Latin Aegyptus, which
in turn is from
ancient Greek
(already attested in
Mycenean) Αἴγυπτος
(Aígyptos). According to
Strabo,
the Greek name is derived
from Αἰγαίου ὑπτίως (Aigaíou
hyptíōs) or "the land below
the
Aegean sea").
Alternatively, it may derive
from the Egyptian name of
Memphis, *ħāwit kuʔ
pitáħ, meaning "house (or
temple) of the soul of
Ptah".
Mişr مصر (Arabic
name, pronounced Maşr in
Egyptian Arabic): a
widespread
Semitic word (Hebrew:
Mitzraim), first used to
mean "Egypt" in
Akkadian, and meaning
"city" or "to settle or
found" in Arabic. The
Turkish name Mısır
derives from the Arabic one.
The Hebrew name is in the
dual form, meaning "two
Egypts" and may evoke the
old kingdoms of upper and
lower Egypt. The Hebrew form
can also mean "straits or
narrow places", referring to
the shape of the country as
it follows the Nile River,
and takes on more symbolic
weight in the Bible in
reference to the
Exodus
story. .
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